Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Theories of development are important as they help us to understand childrenâs behaviour and ways of learning. Below are some people who changed the way of teachers thinking and approaches to children.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

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Jean Piaget – his theories looks at the way in which children seem to be able to make sense of their world as a result of their experiences and how they learn. He suggested that as children develop so does their thinking.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Piagetâs work has influenced early yearâs settings into providing more âhands onâ and relevant tasks for children and young people e.g. children are âlearning through playâ. Teachers are working out the needs of children and plan activities adorning to their needs.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Vygotsky â” his work has been included into the early yearâs framework. He believed that a childâs environment and their experiences are very important for their development. He suggested that children were born to be sociable and by being with parents and then with friends they learned and gained understanding from them.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

He suggested that people in early years setting working with children should extend and challenge their thoughts in order for their development to be achieved. As well as the need for adults to work alongside children Vygotsky also felt that children could guide and develop each otherâs potential by encouraging them to do tasks together e.g. doing music sessions where they are encouraged to join in.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

The behaviourist approach to learning suggests that behaviour is learned from environmental factors, rewards and punishments. The consequences of actions are

Positive: children are most likely to repeat this behaviour when they do something good e.g. clapping their hands for the first time and getting an adultâs attention and praise.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Negative: children will repeat this behaviour but it is repeated to stop something happening again e.g. they might used their hands to slow down the speed they are going on the slide

Punishers: will make a child stop that behaviour e.g. going on timeout or having a toy taken away from them.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

The approaches we use to work with children and the EYFS have been influenced by:

Reggoio Emilia:
Children must have some control over the direction of their learning;
children must be able to learn through experiences of touching, moving, listening, seeing, and hearing;
children have a relationship with other children and with material items in the world that children must be allowed to explore;
and children must have endless ways and opportunities to express themselves
Influence:

schools s are to provide opportunities for child- imitated play
There is an emphasis on outdoor play
Emphasis on children learning through play with other children

Montessori

The Montessori approach is designed to support the natural development of children in a well-prepared environment.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.
respect for the child,
the absorbent mind,
Sensitive periods,
the prepared environment,

Influence:

teachers are meant to observe children individually in order to provide for their play and learning
Meant to ensure that children are challenged in order to progress with their learning.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

High/scope

This approach begins in the United States, as a way of improving outcomes for disadvantaged children. It is an established model which influences children to be involved with decision making and taking responsibility.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

High/scope recognizes the uniqueness of each child and develops their self confidence by building on what they can do.
Children are considered active learners so play is used as the model for learning. Routines are also considered highly important as children gain stability and consistency from this and respond better from this.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.
Building a strong relationship with parents is also a main principle of this approach along with the appropriate curriculum.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Influence

teachers are meant to provide opportunities for child-initiated play
teachers are encouraged to talk to children about their learning

Steiner

The Steiner concept which involves a more holistic approach to education
Lessons are focused on spiritual, creative and social skills with less of a focus on intellectual skills

Influence:

Play with natural objects is encouraged for babies and toddlers
Teachers are meant to plan adult-directed play and provide for child-initiated play

A key person will know the rate of a child development and will plan activities to help them move it along while also making sure that it is safe and suitable for their age

We must remember that all children are different and will have different ideas and opinions and we should respect them.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

We might need to change the way we talk to child because of their age or disability e.g. we might have to sign a question or show a picture to explain what we are talking about or asking e.g. showing them a picture or a drinking to ask them if they would like one.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Theories abound around how people develop emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. This essay will examine the theories of five leaders on the subject of development.
Jean Piaget believed in four stages of development that were fairly concrete in description (Atherton, 2010).
1. Sensorimotor stage (birth – 2 years old) – Children begin to make sense of the world around them based on their interaction with their physical environment. Reality begins to be defined.
2. Preoperational stage (ages 2-7) – Concrete physical stimuli are needed in order for a child to develop new concepts.
3. Concrete operations (ages 7-11) – As a child accumulates experience with the physical world, he/she begins to conceptualize to explain those experiences. Abstract thought is also emerging.
4. Formal operations (beginning at ages 11-15) – Conceptual reasoning is present and the child’s cognitive abilities are similar to an adult’s (Atherton, 2010).Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Child Development: An Examination of Three Theories There are a lot of theories regarding child development. Three of these theories are Bioecological Theory, Social-Cognitive Theory and Information-Processing Theory. This paper will discuss these theories by comparing and contrasting them.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers. The first theory is the Bioecological Theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. This theory is based on the nature vs. nurture idea. Bronfenbrenner believed development of a child was determined by the relationships among the environment or environmental systems around them. Within this environment there are five distinct systems which are related to a child’s relationship with the school environment, family environment and their …show more content… Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.
This perspective helps researchers and mental health providers to estimate prevalence rates for mental disorders in children and adolescents as they develop both socially and cognitively. The study focuses on children in the context of their social environments. These environments include their family, peers and cultural surroundings. When studied a mental health professional can determine which area or environment is causing the most harm to the mental health of the child/adolescent and work on improving the mental state of the child/adolescent within that environment. Lastly with Information Processing Theory the mental health professional will use this theory in dealing with the age of the child/adolescent and their mental capacity at the time the disorder emerges. Supporters of this theory believe this is an important aspect when dealing with disorders because their memory development is what is taken into consideration and how they are dealing with things within their age capacity and at that particular stage of development. For instance, a young child throwing a temper tantrum can be dealt with in such a way as to think about what their memory of this particular action has gained them in the past.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Theories abound around how people develop emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. This essay will examine the theories of five leaders on the subject of development.
Jean Piaget believed in four stages of development that were fairly concrete in description (Atherton, 2010). Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.
1. Sensorimotor stage (birth – 2 years old) – Children begin to make sense of the world around them based on their interaction with their physical environment. Reality begins to be defined.
2. Preoperational stage (ages 2-7) – Concrete physical stimuli are needed in order for a child to develop new concepts.
3. Concrete operations (ages 7-11) – As a child accumulates experience with the physical world, he/she begins to conceptualize to explain those experiences. Abstract thought is also emerging.
4. Formal operations (beginning at ages 11-15) – Conceptual reasoning is present and the child’s cognitive abilities are similar to an adult’s (Atherton, 2010).Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Piaget was firm in his concept of these stages. He was convinced that a person had to progress from one stage to the next, that this was a natural biological process influenced by the environment and experiences. Biology limits the point in time, but the environment determines the quality of development. Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.
Lev Vygotsky stages of development were not defined by age or biology. Social and cultural experiences were the basis for his theory. Consciousness was an end product of social interactions (Kearsley, 1994-2010). The history of the child’s society and his own personal history determine how the child thinks. Language is crucial for development as it is with words that a child conceptualizes and makes sense of the world (Schütz, 2004). A precept of Vygotsky’s theory was the zone of proximal development or ZPD. ZDP is the difference between what a child is able to solve on its own (actual developmental level) and what a child can learn only with the help or experience of another person. “An essential feature of learning is that it awakens a variety of internal developmental processes that are able to operate only when the child is in the action of interacting with people in his environment and in cooperation with his peers” (2004). Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.
Erik Erikson like Piaget had distinct stages of development assigned to specific ages. However Erikson ascribed development even into old age. Eight stages beginning with birth to old age described a conflict that had to be resolved by the person before moving on to the next, termed the epigenetic principle (Boeree, 2006).Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.

Determinants and mechanisms of child development are reflected in theories in western psychology which can be classified into three general approaches based on the suggested determinants of child development:
- the nativist (maturational) approach to child development sees genetically predetermined maturation as the major determinant of children's development and the behavior is the result of heredity. The promoters of this theory (Bühler, 1930, Gesell, 1933 and Hall, 1904) claim that the environment influences children's development depends on children's genotypes rather than on the characteristics and quality of their environment;Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.
- the behaviorist (environmental) approach to child development: Skinner, 1953; Thorndike, 1914 and Watson, 1925, attributed all the child's developmental accomplishments to the child's environment. Whereas behaviorists tend to view children as "fabricated" by the environment, nativists tend to view them as "fabricated" out of genetically predetermined maturation;
- the constructivist (interactional) approach to child development: the major promoter of this theory is Piaget (1936/1959). Piaget holds that the major determinant of children's development is their activity of exploring the external world and that "children come across new environmental phenomena and try to "assimilate" them into their mental schemas (that is, into their existing ways of thinking)"1.
These three theories do not see a major difference between the determinants of animal and human development. In contrast, Vygotsky and his followers argue that these determinants are different because of the dominant role of the social environment in human development.2
According to Vygotsky and his Russian followers, social environment is not just a context in which children develop and to which they struggle to adapt. Further more, adults, as representat...

cognitive development. This has been proven to increase the academic success of children (Leigh, Nievar & Nathans, 2011). Mothers who are educated are able to provide more for their child, therefore increasing their cognitive development.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers. They will able to provide them with cognitive stimulants such as problems that require certain skills in order to solve and adequatelearning opportunities (Walker et. al., 2011). The education of fathers has a weaker link between the cognitive development of his child. Parents with a low education have been seen to read less to their child and provide less stimulating environments,which reduces the child’s school readiness (Schady, 2011).Children with issues with cognitive development are more likely to suffer from low mental health issues such as stress and anxiety. The less ready a child is for school,the more they will struggle to keep up with peers and will be at risk of dropping out. This may affect any future careers they may have once they reach adulthood, which will determine their income and possibly their way of life (Lung et. al., 2010).  Language Development:The language development of a child is most influenced by their family and school environment (Sheridan et. al., 2011). Mothers who work often are unable to interact with their child as often, therefore they tend to have poorer vocabulary skills than those who undergo daily interaction with a parent (Tong et. al, 2009). Parental engagement with a child is the key factor in the development of their language skills. Parents must provide warm, sensitive responses, they must support the child’s self- control and they must participate in activities which promote learning (Sheridan et. al., 2011). By reading books (Tong et. al., 2009) and playing games with a child, mothers are providing their child with the skills needed for school for academic success (Sheridan et. al., 2011).Mothers who are highly educated are able to enhance their child’s learning abilities more so than those who did not complete their schooling, as they tend to have a greater knowledge of their child’s requirements and a higher socio- economic status. Therefore, they are able to use a larger vocabulary to ensure their child hears approximately 2000 words an hour and are able to read more to their child. This drastically improves their child’s language and communication skills, enables them toreach milestones earlier and provides them with the skills they need for socialisation (Leigh, Nievar & Nathans, 2011). Children who have adequate language and literacy skills are less likely to be bullied in school and are more likely to succeed. This is extremely important for their mental health in the future and the ability to reach their full potential (Sheridan et. al., 2009).Three of the developmental changes a child goes through during the early childhood phase are physical development, cognitive development, and language development. The extent to which a child develops is greatly influenced by the actions of their parents.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers. Encouraging a stimulating environment in which children areable to practise skills is extremely important in their learning abilities. Parents must
also learn to respond to their child’s needs in an appropriate manner, as well as having the time and energy to interact with them. Stimulating environments help ensure the child is ready for the next step of his/ her life, which is schooling, therefore it is the parents job to do all that they can to equip their child with the skills needed for academic success.Child Development Theories Assignment Papers.
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